====== Total Sky Imager (TSI) ======
(Three channel hemiSpherical Imaging radiometer (TSI))
//Mentor: [[http://www.geomet.uni-koeln.de/das-institut/mitarbeiter/schween/|J.H. Schween]]//
===== Principle =====
We use a commercially available fish-eye surveillance camera ([[http://www.axis.com|AXIS]] [[http://www.axis.com/global/en/products/axis-m3027-pve/| M3027-PVE]]) to collect images of the sky and determine cloud amount. Images with a resolution of 800x600 pixels (BMP format) are taken every 20sec. Every unsaturated pixel above the horizon is investigated for its blue-to-red-ratio and categorized as sky (blue), thin-cloud (light-blue) or cloud (white or gray). Pixels are counted and stored as relative cloud amount as well as palette based png images. From the number of saturated pixels around the sun a flag for the visibility of the sun is derived.
Channels are in the visible range with average wavelengths of ~650nm (red), ~510nm (green), ~465nm (blue), have a broad spectral sensitivity and do overlap. Peak sensitivity wavelengths are at 560nm (red), 530nm (green) and 430nm (blue) (at least these are the peak sensitivities of our visual system which a camera tries to mimic). But unfortunately the system is not calibrated: the camera adapts its exposure to received light (i.e. sensitivity changes in time). White balance is set to a constant value to ensure that sensitivity of the channels relative to each other is constant. Every 15minutes is varied exposure (collecting time of the sensor) and gain (amplifier within the sensor) which might be used to derive an absolute calibration.
The camera replaced a [[instruments:tsi:yes-tsi|YES total sky imager]] which died after some years of operation.
===== Instrument =====
{{:instruments:tsi:p1020020_1024.jpg?300|AXIS-TSI}}
The camera is an [[http://www.axis.com|AXIS]] [[http://www.axis.com/global/en/products/axis-m3027-pve/| M3027-PVE Fixed Dome Network Camera]] with a common [[http://www.ovt.com/uploads/parts/OV5653.pdf|Omnivision CMOS rgb-sensor]] ({{:instruments:tsi:ov5653.pdf|local copy}}). It is installed at [[http://www.fz-juelich.de/|Forschungszentrum Jülich]] on the roof of the IEK-8 ([[http://www2.fz-juelich.de/icg/icg-2/|Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung: Troposphäre]]).
===== Data =====
* If you are interested in receiving data please contact the instrument mentor [[http://www.geomet.uni-koeln.de/en/the-institute/rg-crewell/staff-crewell/schween/ | J.H. Schween]].
* recent plots can be found in the [[http://atmos.meteo.uni-koeln.de/~hatpro/dataBrowser/dataBrowser2.html?site=JOYCE&date=0&UpperLeft=TSI_AXIS_noon&UpperRight=TSI_AXIS_stripe|Quicklook archive]]
[[http://atmos.meteo.uni-koeln.de/~jschween/tsi/test_axis/|Current sky image]]:\\
[[http://atmos.meteo.uni-koeln.de/~jschween/tsi/test_axis/|{{http://atmos.meteo.uni-koeln.de/~jschween/tsi/test_axis/img_60.jpg?400}}]]\\
Click on figure for further plots.
The image shows the sky image, in the lower right corner the derived cloud mask and the upper right corner a histogram of the three channels within the image.
===== History =====
^ Period ^ Place ^
| 1.10.2015 - today | [[http://www.fz-juelich.de/|Research Center Jülich]], Germany |
===== Specifications =====
^ Parameter ^ Specification ^ Remark ^
| Wavelengths / nm | ~560, ~540, ~420 | freq. of peak sensitivities of human eye (=>R,G,B) |
| Repetition Rate / s | 20 | Adjustable |
| resolution / deg | 0.15 | Resolution in deg/pixel at zenith (see [[internal:instruments:tsi:tsi_axis:tsi_axis_readme#photogrammetry|here]]) |
| Field-of-View / deg | 90 | cloud classification down to horizon |
| image size / pixel | 800x600 (=0.46MPx) | whole image (adjustable) |
| image size / pixel | 316 (=0.30MPx) | radius to horizon |
| Sensitivity / (mV Lux-1s-1)) | 1300 | According to Datasheet of sensor. \\ We have no access to the voltage. |
| dyn.range / dB | 69 |
| max S/N / dB | 37 |
| Size / cm³ | ~20x20x15 | |
| Average Power consumption / W | < 4.5 | |
| Weight / kg | 0.5 (?) | |